Chang Pile · User Manuals
📐 Web App User Manual · Volume 5

Road & Bridge Design Suite

Road & Bridge Design Suite · 27 modules in 6 work groups per AASHTO LRFD · DPT · Department of Highways (DOH) standards
Applies to page: road-bridge-suite.html
Intended for: civil engineers, highway and bridge designers, design checkers, and students
Reading time: about 25 minutes · First real use: about 10 minutes
Last updated: 1 November 2569
Anyone can view the sample Editing design values requires VIP or staff Bilingual TH / EN Anyone can print and export files Projects stored in your account, usable on multiple devices
Open the Road & Bridge Design Suite

Get started in 5 minutes

When you open the app, a sample project “Canal Crossing Bridge km 12+450” is already loaded — explore it right away without entering anything
  1. Sign inTo edit design values you need a Lifetime VIP account or an approved staff account
  2. Name the jobIn the Project Settings menu, enter the project name, document number, designer and checker
  3. Choose unitsUse the Length and Force buttons on the top bar; both SI and MKS systems are available
  4. Enter values module by modulePick a module from the left sidebar, then fill in the Input Data box — results recalculate instantly every time you type
  5. Review the overviewGo back to the Dashboard to see which checks are still failing
  6. Produce the calculation reportClick Calculation Report / PDF, preview it, then print on A4 or save as PDF

1What the suite does

The suite brings the calculations of a road and bridge project together in a single project — from cumulative traffic and pavement thickness to bridge girders, piers, pile foundations and construction cost. Every module uses the same project data set, so when you change a value anywhere, the whole report recalculates instantly. There is no re-keying and no Calculate button.

A27 calculation modules

Organized into 6 work groups — roadway, bridge superstructure, bridge substructure, extreme events, foundations, and quantities & cost

AASHTO LRFD · DPT · DOH

BAutomatic code checks

Every module has a list of checks with the demand/capacity ratio D/C, showing pass or fail item by item

More than 160 checks in total

CSubmission-ready calculation report

Shows formulas and substitutions step by step, with a section drawing for every module, laid out on A4 with signature blocks for the designer and checker

Print A4 · Save as PDF

DCompare design alternatives

Save the current set of values as an alternative, then compare the number of passing checks, max D/C and cost in a single table

Pick the most economical design quickly
💡 Use it as a decision aid during preliminary design The suite is designed to save time on arithmetic and looking up standard tables. Its results must always be checked and certified by a licensed engineer — see section 12 · Engineering cautions

2Permissions and data storage

This page uses the same permission rules as CPM Planner and ERP Studio: anyone can view, but editing is reserved for approved members

User statusCan doCannot do
Not signed inView the sample project in every module · View the calculation report · Print A4 · Export the project as JSONEdit design values · Add or delete projects · Save alternatives
General customer (signed in)Same as aboveSame as above
Lifetime VIP memberFull access—
Staff / administratorFull access—
⚠ The account must be in approved status If you have applied for VIP but not yet paid, or you are staff still awaiting approval, the system still treats you as view-only · Without edit rights you will see a gold bar at the very top of the page with a Member portal button, and if you try to edit a value a short warning message appears instead of the value changing

Where is the data stored?

  • Stored in your account — like ERP Studio and CPM Planner · When you sign in with an account that has edit rights, all projects are synced to your account automatically, so you see the same set on any computer or phone
  • Automatic saving — every time you change a value, the system saves it on the device immediately and then uploads it to your account about 1–2 seconds later. There is no Save button to press
  • Check the status on the badge in the top bar — Synced to your account HH:MM means the upload is done · Saved on this device only means you are not signed in · If the connection has problems you will see Cloud sync failed — saved locally, and the data is uploaded automatically once you are back online · Could not read your account — not synced means the data in your account could not be read; the system will not touch the data on either side until it can be read · Could not save on this device — storage full means the browser storage is full; export your work, then clear old website data first
  • Works without signing in — projects stay in the browser on that device. The first time you sign in with an account that has no projects yet, the system pushes the local projects up as the first set
  • Both sides are merged, not overwritten — when the page opens, the system compares local projects with those in your account one project at a time. The one edited later wins, and projects that exist on only one side are kept on both. Work that has not yet been synced is therefore never overwritten by older data
  • Automatic local backup — before deleting a project, before restoring, and before merging local data with your account, the system backs up the project list, keeping the 5 most recent sets · Restore from the Project Settings page → Restore projects from local backup. Whatever is on the device at that moment is always backed up as another set before restoring
  • Move devices with a JSON file — still works as before. On the Project Settings page, click Export project (JSON), then use Import project (JSON) with that file on the destination device. Good for keeping your own backups
⚠ If you are not signed in, the data exists only on that device Clearing website data, using incognito mode or switching devices will lose any projects that have not been synced · Always sign in before starting real work, and export important work as JSON as an extra copy
💡 Projects larger than 1 MB The system still saves them on the device as usual but does not upload them to your account, and shows a message in the top bar · A typical project is about 9 KB, so an account can hold about 100 projects before reaching this limit

Confirmation pop-ups before deleting or overwriting

Every button that causes data to be lost or replaced always shows an “Are you sure you want to…” pop-up first. The pop-up shows the item name, its number and how many items will actually be lost. Read it before clicking — there is no undo after you confirm.

What you seeMeaning
Red button + trash iconDelete or clear data
Blue button + swap-arrow iconOverwrite, import or restore — the existing data is replaced by the new set
Orange box in the pop-upThings to know before clicking, such as this item being linked to other data, or a backup being available to restore
“Cancel” button · press Esc · click outside the boxClose the pop-up without changing anything
💡 Deleted a project by mistake? Restore it from the local backup Before deleting a project, the system backs up the entire project list on the device. Restore it from Project Settings → Restore projects from local backup (the whole project list returns to how it was before the delete) · Clicking “Load” on a design alternative is not backed up, so save the current values as an alternative or export JSON first · Accounts without edit rights get a permission message instead of the pop-up

Buttons that ask first: delete project · delete design alternative · delete team note · delete a row in an input table · load a design alternative (the values you are editing are replaced) · restore projects from local backup

3Tour of the 4 screens

The left sidebar has two parts — Overview (3 menus) and Calculation Modules (27 modules in 6 groups) · The number after each module name is that module's D/C ratio, and the colored dot before the name shows pass/fail status

ScreenWhat it is for
DashboardOverview of the whole project — number of modules, passing checks, maximum ratio found, estimated cost, D/C bars sorted from highest to lowest, the failing checks, and the design alternatives comparison table
Module pageThe main working page — input data, section drawing, code compliance checks, calculation results, and step-by-step formulas with substituted values
All ProjectsCards for every project on this device, with document status, project notes, duplicate, reorder and delete
Project SettingsDocument details and responsible persons for the calculation report letterhead, plus all the file buttons

Top bar

ElementMeaning
Project name + document numberCan be edited directly here · Same values as set on the Project Settings page
FailingNumber of checks still failing across the whole project · Zero when everything passes
Max D/CThe highest demand/capacity ratio found in the project — this number is the critical point of the design
Auto-savedTime of the latest save
Length · ForceChoose the units used for display and input
Calculation Report / PDFOpens the A4 preview to print or save as PDF · Available to everyone, even without signing in
TH / ENSwitch the screen language
📱 On phones and tablets The left sidebar collapses into a hamburger button at the top right · The status badges are hidden to keep the top bar uncluttered, and all file export and import is available from the buttons on the Project Settings page
↔ Tables wider than the screen Wide tables, such as the design alternatives comparison table on the dashboard, can be scrolled left–right with the floating scrollbar at the bottom of the screen, which appears automatically while the bottom edge of the table is still below the screen (as wide as the table, with ⤒ ⤓ ⇤ ⇥ buttons to jump to the top / bottom / first column / last column, and it disappears once the real scrollbar is visible) · Or hold Shift and turn the mouse wheel

4Set up the project first

This information appears on the letterhead and signature blocks of the calculation report. Fill it in completely from the start so you do not have to fix the whole report later

  1. Open the Project Settings page

    Click the Project Settings menu in the left sidebar

  2. Enter document details and responsible persons
    • Project name and Document no. — appear in the header of every page
    • Company / Organisation and Letterhead sub-line, such as the name of the responsible division
    • Document status — draft, awaiting review, checked, approved, or on hold
    • Designed by · Checked by · Certifying engineer, each with their Council of Engineers (COE) license number
  3. Add company details and logo

    Click the user card at the bottom of the left sidebar to open the Edit user profile window — enter your name, position, company name, address and tax ID, and upload a logo for the letterhead

  4. Choose your preferred units

    Set once and it applies to every module — see section 6 · Units and data entry

💡 Name files for yourself Exported file names are based on the project name. A descriptive name such as “Bang Phli Canal Crossing Bridge km 12+450” is much easier to find later than “Project 1”

5All 27 calculation modules

Choose a module from the left sidebar. Groups you are not using can be left at their default values without affecting other groups · The Expand all button at the end of the “Calculation Modules” heading expands or collapses all groups at once

Group 1 · Roadway (5 modules)

ModuleReference standardWhen to use
Cumulative Traffic (ESAL)AASHTO 1993 — Traffic AnalysisConverts traffic volume into cumulative equivalent standard axle loads, used as the basis for pavement design
Flexible PavementAASHTO 1993 — Flexible PavementFinds the structural number and layer thicknesses of an asphalt road
Rigid PavementAASHTO 1993 — Rigid Pavement · Westergaard / PCAFinds the concrete slab thickness, checks flexural stress, and works out how many tonnes each vehicle type can carry (see the box below)
Highway GeometryDOH · AASHTO Green BookHorizontal curves, vertical curves, safe sight distance, and superelevation
Earthwork QuantitiesAverage End Area · DOH earthworkCalculates cut and fill volumes from average cross-section areas
🚛 Rigid pavement · vehicle loads the pavement can carry, by vehicle type Besides finding the slab thickness, this module answers a question owners often ask: “Can ten-wheel trucks use this concrete road?” It calculates the edge flexural stress in the slab from the wheel loads using the Westergaard equation (revised version by Ioannides et al. 1985), compares it with the allowable stress S′c/FS according to the PCA fatigue criterion, then solves the equation backwards to find the allowable axle load for 4 axle types, before summing them into the gross weight of each vehicle type according to the number of axle groups entered
Input fieldSuggested valueMeaning
Fatigue safety factor FS2.0Allowable stress = S′c / FS · FS 2.0 corresponds to a Stress Ratio of 0.50, which PCA treats as allowing unlimited load repetitions
Tyre contact pressure q100 psiTypical trucks 90 – 120 psi · The higher the value, the smaller the contact area and the higher the stress
Dual-tyre centre spacing Sd330 mmUsed to find the equivalent contact radius of dual tyres with the PCA formula · Typically 300 – 350 mm
Tandem factor kT2.0Load a tandem axle can carry relative to a single axle with dual tyres · 2.0 treats each axle separately without counting overlap effects (conservative) · PCA gives about 2.2 – 2.3
Tridem factor kR3.0Same as kT, for a tridem axle
“Vehicle types and axle configuration” table9 vehicle typesEnter the number of axle groups of each type per vehicle — S single axle, single tyres · D single axle, dual tyres · T tandem axle, dual tyres · R tridem axle, dual tyres — and the legal gross weight limit (t). Vehicle types can be added or deleted just like the vehicle table in the ESAL module · Defaults follow the Notification of the Director of National Highways (DOH), B.E. 2548, as amended up to No. 8, B.E. 2558 — 4 wheels 9.5 · 6 wheels 15 · 10 wheels 25 · 4 axles 12 wheels 30 (2S + 1T) · 5-axle 18-wheel semi-trailer 45 · 6 axles 22 wheels 50.5 · A 6-axle 22-wheel vehicle is allowed 50.5 t only when the distance from the king pin to the first axle of the trailer is ≥ 8.00 m; if shorter, it drops to 49 (7.00–7.99 m) · 47 (6.00–6.99 m) · 45 (4.50–5.99 m). Edit the W value in that row to match the vehicle actually used
OutputHow to read it
Allowable axle load S / D / T / RTonnes per axle group · Shown in the calculation results box together with the radius of relative stiffness ℓ, the allowable stress, and the Stress Ratio under the 8.16 t standard axle
“Vehicle load capacity of the pavement by vehicle type” tableThe maximum gross weight that vehicle type can carry when every axle is loaded to the full slab capacity, compared with the legal limit · Utilization ratio = legal limit ÷ capacity · ✓ means the full legal load can be carried; ✗ means the slab is too thin for that vehicle type
Chart below the section drawingLong bar = load that can be carried · Yellow tick = legal limit · Red bars are the failing types
2 checks“Pavement carries every vehicle type at its legal gross weight” and “Stress ratio SR under the standard axle ≤ 1/FS” · If either fails, it raises the module's D/C and is listed on the dashboard like any other check
💡 Want to know how thick the slab must be to carry trailer trucks? Gradually increase the “Selected thickness” by 1 – 2 cm and watch the chart — the bars of vehicle types that are still red will grow until they pass the legal limit tick. Save each thickness as a design alternative to compare costs in section 9

Group 2 · Bridge — Superstructure (6 modules)

ModuleReference standardWhen to use
HL-93 Live LoadAASHTO LRFD Sec. 3 · Art. 4.6.2.2Calculates the standard design live load and its distribution to each girder
RC Bridge DeckAASHTO LRFD 4.6.2.1 · 9.7 · 5.6Designs the thickness and reinforcement of the bridge deck
RC Bridge GirderAASHTO LRFD Sec. 5 — T-beamsDesigns cast-in-place reinforced concrete girders
Prestressed Concrete GirderAASHTO LRFD 5.9 · 5.6.3Checks stresses at transfer and at service, and flexural strength
Bridge Railing / BarrierAASHTO LRFD Sec. 13 · A13.3.1Checks barrier strength using the yield line method
Expansion JointAASHTO LRFD 14.4.2 · 14.5Calculates the movement allowance for temperature, shrinkage and creep

Group 3 · Bridge — Substructure (7 modules)

ModuleReference standardWhen to use
Elastomeric BearingAASHTO LRFD 14.7.5 · 14.7.6 (Method A)Designs steel-reinforced elastomeric bearing pads supporting the girders
Pier Cap / Bent CapAASHTO LRFD Sec. 5A cap beam on two supports with overhangs
Pier ColumnAASHTO LRFD 5.6.4 · 5.6.4.3Checks combined axial and flexural strength, and slenderness effects
Cantilever AbutmentAASHTO LRFD 3.11 · 3.11.6.4 · Sec. 11Checks overturning, sliding and bearing resistance, per 1 m of length
Retaining WallAASHTO LRFD Sec. 11 · 3.11Concrete cantilever wall, per 1 m of length
Box CulvertAASHTO LRFD Sec. 12.11Box culvert, per 1 m of length
Strut-and-TieAASHTO LRFD 5.8.2D-regions, deep beams and pile caps

Group 4 · Extreme Events (2 modules)

ModuleReference standardWhen to use
Seismic DesignDPT 1301/1302-61 · AASHTO LRFD 3.10 · 4.7.4Equivalent lateral force for bridges
Wind · Stream Flow · ScourAASHTO LRFD 3.8 · 3.7 · HEC-18Wind load on the structure, stream flow force, and scour depth around piers

Group 5 · Foundations (6 modules)

ModuleReference standardWhen to use
Single PileStatic Formula (α-method / Meyerhof) · AASHTO Sec. 10Bearing capacity of a single pile
Pile GroupAASHTO LRFD 10.7 · Converse-LabarreGroup efficiency and the distribution of loads to each pile
Pile CapAASHTO LRFD 5.12.8 · ACI 318Punching shear, one-way (beam) shear and flexure of the pile cap
Pile Driving Blow CountENR · Modified ENR · Hiley · Danish · Modified Gates (FHWA) · Janbu · DPT 1551Compares the required set on site from several formulas at once
Laterally Loaded PileBroms · Matlock-ReeseEstimates lateral load capacity for preliminary checking
Foundation SettlementTerzaghi Consolidation · Elastic Settlement · DPTEstimates immediate and long-term settlement

Group 6 · Quantities & Cost (1 module)

ModuleReference standardWhen to use
Cost Estimate (BOQ)Construction reference price list, Comptroller General's Department · Factor FCombines quantities from the other modules into a construction cost, multiplied by Factor F
🔗 Modules that pass values to each other ESAL is the basis for both pavement types · HL-93 Live Load is the basis for the bridge deck, girders and the entire substructure · Quantities from several modules flow into the cost estimate module — change the source and everything downstream updates instantly

6Units and data entry

The Length and Force buttons on the top bar set the units for the whole suite. You can change them at any time; values already entered are converted automatically, so there is no need to re-enter them

TypeSI systemMKS / Imperial system
Lengthmillimeter (mm) · centimeter (cm) · meter (m)inch (in) · foot (ft)
Forcenewton (N) · kilonewton (kN)kilogram-force (kgf) · tonne-force (tonf) · pound (lb) · kilopound (kip)
  • The defaults are meters and kilonewtons, matching the units used by AASHTO LRFD
  • Values are always stored internally in base units, so switching units only affects the display and never distorts the results
  • Your chosen units are remembered — the next time you open the suite, you get the same units
  • Fields with a caption below the name explain what value to enter, such as the range recommended by the standard
⚠ Fields you cannot edit Some fields are gray and cannot be edited because they are set by the standard section selected above · To enter your own values, first change the selection above to Custom size

7Standard pile sections

The pile modules include a catalog of 23 Thai standard sections in 4 families. Once you pick one, the suite fills in the size, section shape, concrete strength and safe load capacity automatically

Section familyCharacteristics and use
Solid Square Prestressed (TIS 396)Square prestressed concrete piles from □ 0.22 × 0.22 m upward · Building and small-to-medium bridge work
Prestressed I-SectionI-shaped section, lighter than other shapes of the same cross-sectional area · Popular where piles must be driven deep
Spun Pile (hollow circular)Hollow circular piles produced by centrifugal spinning (TIS 397) · Good moment capacity, well suited to bridge piers and work with lateral loads
Bored PileCast-in-place bored piles · Used for heavy loads or where vibration from driving is a constraint
💡 Want to use a section from another manufacturer? Select Custom size (use values entered below), then enter the dimensions and material strengths from the manufacturer's documentation
⚠ Safe load values in the catalog are reference values for the section They are the structural capacity of the “pile itself” per the product standard, not the bearing capacity of the soil · The capacity used for actual design must always be compared with calculations from soil data and with pile test results on site

8Reading the results

Demand/capacity ratio D/C

D/C is the actual force (Demand) divided by the strength the section can resist (Capacity) — a single number that tells you how “tight” the design is

D/C valueColor shownMeaning
Not more than 0.90GreenPasses, with spare capacity
0.90 – 1.00YellowPasses but close to the limit; allow a little more margin for main members
Over 1.00RedFails; increase the section size, add reinforcement, or reduce the span

Parts of a module page

BoxHow to read it
Input DataAll values entered for this module, with units and explanatory captions
Section / DiagramA drawing generated from the actual values entered, used to check whether any value was entered in the wrong place · Click the expand button to view full screen, zoom in and out, and print just the drawing
Code Compliance ChecksChecks item by item, marked ✓ or ✗, with the numbers being compared on both sides
Calculation ResultsAll values obtained by the module, such as thickness, moment and strength
Additional result tablesSome modules have a result table following the input table, such as “Vehicle load capacity of the pavement” in Rigid Pavement · Read-only; change values in the input table above. It is also printed in the calculation report
Step-by-step Formulas & SubstitutionWhere every number comes from, line by line, so you can answer the checker without opening a textbook

Dashboard

  • Demand/capacity ratio bars sorted from highest to lowest — always look at the top line first; that is the critical point of the design
  • Failing Checks gathers every ✗ in one place; click to jump straight to the source module and fix it
  • The four figures at the top — number of modules, number of passing checks, maximum ratio found, and total estimated cost
💡 Fix the red items first, then work through the yellow ones Enlarging one member often changes the D/C of the members it loads, so fix one point at a time and look at the overview again each time

9Comparing design alternatives

When you need to choose between “a deeper girder with fewer piles” and “a shallower girder with more piles”, save both designs and compare the figures

  1. Finish the first design

    Enter values until you are satisfied, then note the D/C and cost

  2. Save it as an alternative

    Go to Project Settings and click Save current values as an alternative

  3. Change the values for the second design

    Change the values you want to try, then save as an alternative again

  4. Compare on the dashboard

    The Compare Design Alternatives table shows every alternative with its number of passing checks, maximum ratio and cost · Click Load to bring that alternative back as the current values

⚠ Clicking “Load” overwrites the current values (the system asks for confirmation first) If the set of values you are working on has not been saved as an alternative yet, save it before loading another alternative

10Working with multiple projects

The All Projects page shows every project saved on this device as a card · The card with an orange bar is the project currently open

Button / actionResult
Add new projectCreates a blank project with the default values of every module
Duplicate this projectCopies all values into a new project — useful when designing several bridges with similar designs
Document statusDraft — awaiting review · In calculation · Checked · Approved / Signed · On hold
Project notesRecord checker comments or items to fix, attached to that project
Handle on the left of the cardDrag to reorder projects so frequently used jobs stay near the top
🗂 What the card tells you Project name, document number, time of last edit, proportion of passing checks, maximum ratio and estimated cost — you can see from the overview page which jobs still have open items

11Calculation reports and files

ButtonOutputWhen to use
Calculation Report / PDFA4 previewSee the pages before printing · Print, or choose Save as PDF in the browser's print window
Preview & Print A4 on a module pageA4 previewPrint only the module currently open, without printing the whole report
Export project (JSON).jsonBack up data, move devices, or send to a checker to open the same set of values
Import project (JSON)—Bring an exported file back in as a new project

What the calculation report contains

  • Letterhead with logo, company name, project name, document number and status
  • Input data, calculation results and checks for every module
  • Step-by-step formulas and substitutions, with section drawings
  • Signature blocks for the designer, checker and certifying engineer, with their COE license numbers
🇹🇭 The calculation report is always in Thai Even when the screen is switched to EN, the calculation report document itself remains in Thai, to match the referenced standards and so it can be submitted to Thai government agencies
💡 Page setup when printing In the browser's print window, choose A4 size, normal margins, and turn on “Background graphics” so the table header bars and status colors are printed on paper too

12Engineering cautions

⛔ Calculation results are a preliminary design aid Users must be licensed professional engineers and must check the results against the project specifications every time before using them for construction
  • Soil data must come from actual site investigation — pile capacity and settlement are very sensitive to soil parameters; guessed values cannot be used for construction decisions
  • The laterally loaded pile module is an approximate method — use it only for preliminary checks. Real projects where lateral load governs should be analyzed with the p-y method
  • Blow counts from dynamic formulas have high uncertainty — confirm them by testing, such as a Dynamic Load Test or Static Load Test, as required by the project specifications
  • The estimated cost is a preliminary figure — it is based on the reference price list and Factor F and does not yet include site-specific conditions, transport costs or special operating costs
  • The vehicle load a rigid pavement can carry is a check of slab strength at the slab edge only — it does not yet include joints, dowel bars, the subbase, or fatigue from the actual number of passes · The gross weight limits entered are defaults per the Notification of the Director of National Highways (DOH), B.E. 2548, as amended up to No. 8, B.E. 2558 (last checked Sep 2569). Vehicles with 6 or more axles depend on the king pin distance. Compare against the version currently in force and the conditions of the road-owning agency before using the result to answer an owner
  • Check the units before every submission — switch units and read the values again once to avoid reading results at the wrong scale

Check before submitting

  • No items left in the “Failing Checks” box
  • Project name, document number and document status match what you are actually submitting
  • Names and COE license numbers of the designer, checker and certifying engineer are complete
  • Export a JSON copy to keep alongside the PDF you submit

13Frequently asked questions

I entered values but the numbers do not change. Why?

Usually it is because you have not signed in with an account that has edit rights · If you see a gold bar at the very top of the page and a warning message appears when you type, you are in sample view mode · Another case is that the field is locked because a standard section is selected; change it to Custom size first

I opened the suite at home and cannot see the projects I made at the office

Check two things — (1) whether you signed in with the same account, and (2) whether the badge on the top bar says Synced to your account · If you were not signed in while working at the office, the projects are stuck on that computer. Go back and sign in on the original computer once so the system can upload them to your account, or export a JSON file and import it on the new computer

Where is the Save button?

There is no Save button. The system saves every time you change a value; you can see the time of the last save on the Auto-saved badge on the top bar

I only want the calculation report for one module, not the whole report

Open the module you want, then click Preview & Print A4 at the top right of that module page; you will get only the module that is open

Do I have to re-enter all values after changing units?

No. The suite converts the values you entered automatically, because they are already stored in base units

Why does the D/C of other modules change when I am editing only one module?

Because modules pass values to each other — for example, HL-93 Live Load is the basis for the bridge deck, girders and substructure · Change the source and everything downstream recalculates instantly

I deleted a project by accident. Can I get it back?

Yes, if it was deleted on this device — before deleting, the system asks for confirmation and backs up the project list on the device. Restore it from Project Settings → Restore projects from local backup; the pop-up tells you which project's deletion that backup was taken before · Restoring replaces the entire project list, so work edited after the delete is also replaced (the system backs up the state at that moment as another set before restoring) · Only the 5 most recent backup sets are kept, and only on that device, so you should still export JSON every time you finish a round of work

Can I use it on a phone?

Yes. The screen adapts automatically and the left sidebar collapses into a hamburger button · However, entering many values and checking section drawings is much easier on a computer screen

A cookie notice bar appears at the bottom of the screen. What should I click?

Choose whichever you prefer — Accept all, Reject all, or Cookie settings to choose category by category · If you reject, the suite still works fully, because sign-in, language and the data the suite needs to work are in the Strictly necessary category, which is always on · Your choice applies to every page on that device for 12 months. You can change your mind with the Cookie settings link at the end of this manual or at the bottom of the home page · Details are in the Privacy Policy, Section 6

14Glossary of terms

TermFull nameShort meaning
D/CDemand / Capacity ratioActual force divided by the strength that can be resisted · Not more than 1.00 means pass
LRFDLoad and Resistance Factor DesignDesign method using load factors and resistance (strength reduction) factors
HL-93AASHTO Design Live LoadStandard live load for bridge design
ESALEquivalent Single Axle LoadTraffic converted into a cumulative number of 8.2 t standard axles
SNStructural NumberStructural index of a flexible pavement
SRStress RatioActual flexural stress divided by the modulus of rupture S′c · Not more than 0.50 is considered to allow unlimited repetitions per PCA
WestergaardWestergaard slab-on-grade theoryTheory of slabs on an elastic foundation, used to calculate flexural stress under wheel loads in rigid pavement
ℓRadius of relative stiffnessRelative stiffness radius of the slab with respect to its support; the larger it is, the more widely the slab spreads the load
CBRCalifornia Bearing RatioBearing strength value of a soil layer or pavement material
SSDStopping Sight DistanceSight distance needed to stop a vehicle safely
Strut-and-TieStrut-and-Tie ModelA model of compression struts and tension ties for regions where the stress distribution is nonlinear
D-RegionDisturbed RegionA region near supports or concentrated loads where ordinary beam theory does not apply
ScourScourWater carrying away the soil around piers and foundations
Spun PileCentrifugally spun hollow circular pilePrestressed concrete pile with a hollow circular section per TIS 397
Blow CountPile driving blow countNumber of blows per unit of penetration, used to assess bearing capacity on site
Factor FReference price multiplierMultiplier for overhead, interest, tax and profit under the reference price rules
BOQBill of QuantitiesA list of work quantities and prices, organized by work category

+Other manuals in this series

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